Cl Atom

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Top contributors to the provenance of ΔfH° of Cl (g, 2P1/2 only)

Chlorine atom Please visit the Chlorine element page for information specific to the chemical element of the periodic table. Temperature (K) 298. A: 13.38298: 23.26597: B: 42.33999-1.555939: C-64.74656: 0.346910: D: 32.99532-0.025961: E: 0.063319: 0.153212: F: 116.1491.

Cl atomic massThe 2 contributors listed below account for 97.7% of the provenance of ΔfH° of Cl (g, 2P1/2 only).
Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The listed Reaction acts as a link to the relevant references for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Chlorine is a commonly used household cleaner and disinfectant. Chlorine is a potent irritant to the eyes, the upper respiratory tract, and lungs. Chronic (long-term) exposure to chlorine gas in workers has resulted in respiratory effects, including eye and throat irritation and airflow obstruction. No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of chlorine in humans from inhalation. The size of an atom can be estimated by measuring the distance between adjacent atoms in a covalent compound. The covalent radius of a chlorine atom, for example, is half the distance between the nuclei of the atoms in a Cl 2 molecule. The covalent radii of the main group elements are given in the figure below. The chloride ion / ˈklɔːraɪd / is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water.

What is a set of four quantum numbers that could represent the last electron added (using the Aufbau principle) to the Cl atom?

1 Answer

Explanation:

Your starting point here will be the electron configuration of a neutral chlorine atom.

Chlorine is located in period 3, group 17 of the periodic table and has an atomic number equal to #17#. This tells you that the electron configuration of a chlorine atom must account for a total of #17#electrons that surround the nucleus of the atom.

The electron configuration of a chlorine atom looks like this

#'Cl: ' 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5#

Now, the last subshell to be filled with electrons, which is also the highest in energy, is the #3p#subshell.

As you can see from the electron configuration, this subshell contains a total of #5#electrons. These electrons are distributed in #3#orbitals labelled #3p_x#, #3p_y#, and #3p_z#.

Cl Atom Structure

Cl Atom

As you know, we can use a set of four quantum numbers to describe the location and spin of an electron in an atom

Let's start with the principal quantum number, #n#. Since this last electron is added to the third energy level, you will have

#n=3 ->#the third energy level

The angular momentum quantum number, #l#, describes the subshell in which the electron is located. In this case, the last electron is added to the #3p# subshell, so you will have

#l=1 -> #the p-subshell

Now, this is where things can get a little tricky. According to Hund's Rule, every orbital in a given subshell must be occupied with #1#electron before a second electron is added to any of these orbitals.

You know that the #3p# subshell contains a total fo #5# electrons. In this case, each of the three #3p# orbitals will first be occupied with a spin-up electron. This will account for #3# of the #5# electrons.

Cl atomic number

After this happens, the second-to-last electron will occupy the #3p_x# orbital, this time having spin-down.

Finally, the last electron to be added will be placed in the #3p_z# orbital, once again having spin-down. Here's a diagram showing the electron configuration of chlorine, with the last electron added highlighted

So, the magnetic quantum number, #m_l#, tells you the specific orbital in which the electron is located. By convention, you have

Cl Atom
  • #m_l = -1 ->#the#3p_x#orbital
  • #m_l = color(white)(-)0 ->#the#3p_z#orbital
  • #m_l = +1 ->#the#3p_y#orbital

In this case, you would have

Cl Atomic Radii

Atom

#m_l = 0 ->#the#3p_z#orbital

Finally, the spin quantum number, #m_s#, tells you the spin of the electron. In this case, you have

#m_s = -1/2 ->#a spin-down electron

Therefore, a possible quantum number set for the last electron added to a chlorine atom is

#color(green)(|bar(ul(color(white)(a/a)color(black)(n=3, l=1, m_l = 0, m_s = -1/2)color(white)(a/a)|)))#

What Is The Atomic Weight Of Chlorine

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